Ok, let's look at a little bit more specific language.
We're going to look at Modal verbs.
So these are specific verbs that have a certain job
and we use them in a certain way for certain tasks.
The most common one that you're probably familiar with is;
Things that you are able to do or that you can do.
So we have the verb „can“ and the verb „(to be) able to“.
So these are positives, things we can do.
Do you know the negative of these verbs?
Things that you can't do, that's right.
Things that you can't do and what about the negative of this
„to be able to“.
The negative; to be „not able to“.
S I am not able to speak Japanese.
I can't speak seven languages.
„can“ and „able to“ for ability,
When you want to give people advice.
Maybe someone has a problem and
„Well if it was me… this is what I would do“
or if someone is sick and we want to give
them some advice to help them.
We're going to use the verb „should“.
You should speak to your parents.
We can also use a verb with should „I think“
I think you should go to the doctor or
I think you should speak to your parents.
You shouldn't drink so much water.
You shouldn't stand on that wall.
You shouldn't play on the road.
Or we can say „I don't think you should“.
This is very common to use „I think“ and
„I don't think“ with the verb should.
Positive „I think you should“ the
negative „I dont't think you should“
the modal verb doesn't change.
It's the „think“ verb changes to „don't think“.
Lets look at another modal verb.
you should do or that you must do.
We have „Must“ and we have „Have to“.
I have to collect the children.
Now the negative of these modal
But mustn't isn't a modal verb
of obligation, it's a modal verb of prohibition.
So let's talk about this in a moment.
What is the negative of „have to“?
That is right, it is „Don't have to“.
So, the negative of the modal verbs of obligation
„must“ and „have to“ is „don't have to“.
I don't have to wake up early on Saturday.
I have to wake up at seven o'clock on Monday.
He doesn't have to go to schoole on Sunday.
She has to wake up now or she has to
So, this is obligation,
What was the modal verb of prohibition
I just mentioned a moment ago?
That's right… it's „mustn't“.
you aren't allowed to do something.
or the listener that it's not ok.
They can't do this, they shouldn't do this,
they mustn't do this. Prohibition.
It's not advice, it's not ability, it's prohibition.
You aren't allowed to go to the shop.
Obviously mustn't feels a little bit stronger than the other two.
We normally see this with rules.
Or you must speak English, more an obligation.
You mustn't drink alcohol on the streets.
So these are 4 different categories
We had „must“ and „have to“ for obligation and
We had „mustn't“ for prohibition.